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Whither oil?

20 Sep 2007 04:10 pm

When will it stop, beg my friends with long auto commutes. At $83.84 a barrel, perhaps it's time to think about trading that gas-guzzling Prius in for a bicycle.

``The storm threat and falling dollar are pushing us higher,'' said Nauman Barakat, senior vice president of global energy futures at Macquarie Futures USA Inc. in New York. ``We will see even bigger inventory draws in next week's statistics as a result of the evacuations in the Gulf.''

Crude oil for October delivery rose $1.91, or 2.3 percent, to $83.84 a barrel at the 2:30 p.m. close of floor trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange. Futures touched $83.90, the highest since the contract began trading in 1983. Prices are up 39 percent from a year ago.

. . .

U.S. crude-oil supplies fell 3.87 million barrels in the week ended Sept. 14, the 10th drop in 11 weeks, the Energy Department reported yesterday. The drop left inventories 7.4 percent higher than the five-year average for the period, the department said.

``The market is relentless,'' said Tom Bentz, a broker at BNP Paribas in New York. ``The fundamentals don't justify these prices but the prices are holding firm. We are due for a correction but nobody is willing to step in front of this.''

The dollar dropped to a record low against the euro today on speculation U.S. interest rates will extend declines, making oil cheaper in the countries using other currencies. Oil rose after the Federal Reserve cut rates this week to bolster the economy, which has been hit by subprime-mortgage losses.

Lower US interest rates make US assets less attractive, which decreases the demand for dollars, which makes the dollar fall. That's why the monetary nationalists among my friends are instant messaging me to moan about the American dollar's newfound parity with the Canadian dollar, a state of affairs that has not prevailed in decades. Since oil contracts are denominated in dollars, the relative price of oil is falling in other countries, which means those lousy foreigners are going to buy more of the stuff, which means there will be less here, which makes our price rise.

The interest rate cut also makes it less likely that we'll have a recession, which also pushes up the price of oil, because economic growth increases American demand for black gold, and American demand is one of the major factors determining the price.

Yet with inventories high, temporary closures like the one in the gulf shouldn't cause such big spikes. One way of looking at it is that the market is irrational, but no one's willing to short it because, as the aphorism goes "the market can stay irrational longer than you can stay solvent". But another way of looking at it is that there are so many potential problems with the oil market on both the supply side and the demand side, that people are pretty sure that today's inventories will be very valuable in the future, even if they don't know which of the potential military, economic or political problems will make them so. I am finding the latter more convincing these days; analysts have been proclaiming a "speculative bubble" in oil markets since 2004. But perhaps I am only buying into the bubble at the top.

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Comments (15)

Now if we want cheap oil, here's what we gotta do:

We get out of Iraq. We call for a general region-wide arms embargo. We make a secret deal with the Chinese letting them know that though we might raise a public stink, privately we don't mind if they sell Iran weapons. At the same time, we start selling weapons to Saudi Arabia. We both charge more for the weapons because of the embargo.

Then Iran and Saudi Arabia begin dumping oil on the market as fast as they can to fund their proxy war in Iraq.

One more thing. We must make it clear that we will not tolerate either side interfering in the other's oil production - that would be immoral.

Question: did you mean "Lower US interest rates make US assets less attractive, which DECREASES the demand for dollars, which makes the dollar fall." Otherwise, I'm a bit confused. Probably should have taken more economics classes and less political philosophy classes in college.

Look, I like Megan as much as the other border-line stalkers that pass as commenters around here. But, what is this post trying to say? I just have no idea. No more time to spend on this one as I have to hop over to Matt's page where I'll bash his less-than-fanatical support of the latest Le Tigre album.

It'll stop when people get over the myth that slow acceleration is more fuel efficient than fast, smooth acceleration. Not only is it more efficient, it will reduce traffic, which is the big fuel consumer.

It's not going to stop, or at least not for long. And not because of "military, economic or political problems", but because of geology and physics problems; you know, those non-dismal sciences that are actually sciences.

We've already burned up about half of all the oil that's in the ground, and what's left is ever harder to get at. And so the price is going to continue to go up.

Bet on it. I have.

Also, increasing refinery efficiency drives up the marginal revenue product of a barrel of oil, increasing demand for crude. Thus, high raw crude prices are not currently correlating to high prices for the refined product at the pump.

High efficiency of consumption likely does the same.

Aaron:

Hard acceleration may be more efficient, but it also reduces the margin of error for drivers, which is already far too thin with all the folks talking on their cellphones...

Ken Deffeyes (see http://www.princeton.edu/hubbert/ ), my former Geology professor, predicts that near the peak of world oil production we should see much higher-than-historical price volatility.

Judging by the recent history of oil prices, he's correct. Over the next decade we might experience a few fleeting moments of cheap oil, but overall the era of cheap oil is behind us.

Avo, how would you know that "we've already burned up half of all the oil that's in the ground" when we haven't even explored about 3/4 of the Earth's surface? I mean the part that's under 2 miles or so of water, the interior of Antartica, and a few other very hard to reach spots. For that matter, show me that just drilling deeper no longer finds more oil.

Yes, drilling the deep sea bottom, etc., will cost a lot more. Drilling deeper costs more. So, oil gets short, prices go up, and then they find a lot more oil that's economically extractable - at the higher price. The oil industry has been going through cycles like that since the 1920's. I can see only two ways that it might be different this time. One is that, unlike some of the previous cycles, it might no longer be possible to improve the drilling technology so much that the inflation-adjusted costs drop back down to about what they were when the oil was easy to get at. The other is that this time the prices may hit the point that processing oil sands or shale becomes competitive. If those don't work for some currently unknown reason, prices might even hit the point where the WWII German coal to oil process is economically viable. Regardless, the point where we really run out of oil is not yet in sight.

"Avo, how would you know that "we've already burned up half of all the oil that's in the ground" when we haven't even explored about 3/4 of the Earth's surface? I mean the part that's under 2 miles or so of water, the interior of Antartica, and a few other very hard to reach spots. For that matter, show me that just drilling deeper no longer finds more oil. "

Actually, you are right, yet irrelevant. I remember studying the reserves of the USSR (I think they are in Khazakstan now) which were huge, but completely uneconomical. Oil that costs $500/barrel to extract is essentially non-existant as far as we are concerned. Even advanceing technology doesn't make it useful, because technology in competing areas is advancing too.

We have the technology to find and produce oil in waters up to 10,000 feet. 15,000 feet is a relatively small step for the technology. The ocean averages about 12,000 feet deep with only the trench regions beyond 15,000 feet or so.

Oil that costs $500/barrel to extract today may only cost $100/barrel to extract in 10 years. And $10/barrel in 20, especially if we run out of other oil and clever people spend a lot of energy trying to reduce the cost of extracting it. Right now, the clever people are mostly looking at other ways to extract oil that are more likely to be cheaper.

EI

"Lower US interest rates make US assets less attractive"

This doesn't sound like it's generally true: foreigners have poured money into U.S. stocks and real estate during periods of low interest rates. The salient issue today isn't interest rates per se but inflation expectations, which are worsened by the latest interest rate cuts.

Earnest

What part of Njorl's: "Even advancing technology doesn't make it useful, because technology in competing areas is advancing too" did you not understand?

There is plenty of coal around if you desperately need to find a CO2-rich energy source? but even coal could be overtaken in price by green technologies?

In fact - it has already been overtaken by local solar when we consider peak load pricing and transportation/grid costs? Even without a tax?

Hugo Pottisch wrote: What part of Njorl's: "Even advancing technology doesn't make it useful, because technology in competing areas is advancing too" did you not understand?

He understood it quite well, and countered by observing the flaws in the argument. Maybe you should review his counterargument, instead.

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